​Common typology of virtual communities and multi-sided platforms. Analysis of business models using qualitative system dynamics

Abstract

This paper presents a common typology of virtual communities and multi-sided platforms. The analyzed entities comprise 69 of Poland's most prominent websites, representing one of two business models. Based on three dimensions: collaboration among users, reputation-based user competition, and user multi-sidedness, we identified four business models. These are problem community, object community, object market, and reputation market. They were depicted in qualitative system dynamics diagrams. The typology was verified using the statistical clustering technique, which yielded corresponding results. This paper helps comprehend the diversity of value creation logic in virtual communities and multi-sided platforms.